Extraction steam condensing turbine to change the main advantages of low-vacuum heating

The main advantage of the evacuated condensing steam turbine to change the low-vacuum heat supply mode is that there is less investment in pipe network construction. In the process of reforming the low-vacuum heating network of steam extraction condensing steam turbines, under the premise of ensuring safety, local modifications to the original system should be considered as much as possible to avoid the reduction of comprehensive economy brought by new equipment. According to the calculation, the water pressure in the factory after the reconstruction of the thermal network of Baotou Three Power Plants is 595 kPa, while the outlet pressure of the original system hot-mesh pump is 0.650.72 MPa, and the pressure margin is not much. If the heating radius continues to increase, consider replacing the heat pump or a multi-stage boost.

The peak temperature of the peak heater is high. In order to reduce the repulsion of the regenerative extraction steam and improve the thermal economy during the process of hydrophobic recovery to the regenerative system, a water-water heat exchanger is recommended to increase the heating water supply temperature. , And can reduce the hydrophobic temperature. It has certain reference significance for studying the law of indoor temperature fluctuation when the user behavior is adjusted. Analyzing the room-temperature curve of a typical room, the following conclusions can be drawn: The thermal insulation performance of the enclosure has a great influence on the speed and the amplitude of the room temperature change. The room temperature of the heating room with low heat transfer coefficient has less room temperature fluctuation and better comfort. At the same time, it can meet the user's adjustment requirements with a smaller amount of heating addition. The extent of indoor temperature fluctuations is also related to the location of the heating room in the building. In the same manner as the outer sheathing structure, the temperature fluctuations of the rooms at the top floor, the bottom floor, and the gabled wall are greater. The method of determining the heat input rate to determine the heat load of a separate household heating system is the difference between the heat load design and the heat load of the heating system. Select appropriate heat addition rates for different enclosure structures.

Rigid PCB

Rigid PCB, the largest number of PCB manufactured

What is Rigid PCB - Rigid PCB Definition

Rigid PCB is a kind of printed circuit board, and is the largest number of PCB manufactured. It is made of solid substrate material, which can effectively prevent the distortion of the circuit board. Perhaps the most common rigid circuit board is the computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing communication between all components of the computer, such as CPU, GPU and RAM.

Rigid PCB can be used in any position where the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and maintained during the remaining life of the equipment. Rigid PCBs can be anything from simple single-layer PCBs to eight or ten-layer multi-layer PCBs.

Rigid PCB and Flexible PCB are totally different. One is flexible and the other is rigid. Therefore, their application scenarios are different. In addition, there are rigid-flex PCB. There are similarities between them. However, all rigid PCB have single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer structure, so they have common application scope. This is the case.

Some characteristics of rigid PCB

• Rigid PCB is a kind of conventional PCB, which can not be like flexible PCB, because rigid PCB can not be twisted or folded into any shape, because it has FR4 reinforcement, which is very useful for increasing stiffness.

• Rigid PCB is made up of copper trances and paths which are incorporated on a single board in order to connect the different components on the board. The base material of the board is made of rigid substrate which gives rigidity and strength to the board.

• The computer motherboard is the best example of a rigid PCB with a rigid substrate material.

• Once rigid PCBs are manufactured, they cannot be modified or folded into any other shape.

• Rigid PCB is cheaper than flexible PCB. They are traditional PCBs and are widely used in many electronic products.

Rigid PCB manufacturing

Substrate Layer - rigid PCB material

• Substrate layer, also referred base material, is made of fiber glass.

Multilayer Rigid PCB Stackup

Copper Layer

• On the top of substrate layer, there resides a copper foil which is laminated on the board with the help of added amount heat and adhesive.

Solder Mask Layer

• Solder Mask Layer houses above the copper layer.

Silkscreen Layer

• Silkscreen layer is located above solder mask layer.

The differences between Rigid PCB And Flexible PCB

• Most of the electronics made use of traditional rigid PCB. However, technology has been evolved and many products abandoned rigid PCBs because of their inability to get folded or twisted. This has erupted the idea of flexible PCB and soon it became the prerequisite for most of the professionals in the market.

• Manufacturing process of both rigid and flexible PCBs is same with some exceptions in terms of their flexibility, softness and cost.

• Some extra measures are required for processing flex PCB when it comes to material handling. Also proper specifications are required in order to avoid any cracked solder joints when the board is bent.

• Flexible PCBs are most costly than rigid PCBs, however, we are referring here individual cost of the flexible PCB, it may happen the overall cost of the project using rigid PCB is higher than the cost of the flexible PCB, but individual cost of flexible PCB will be higher.

• Many cheap electronics make use of rigid PCBs including audio keyboards, desktop devices, solid state drives, toys and many electronic gadgets. However, flex circuits are observed in ultra high performance device because they don`t involve connectors also thinner than rigid boards and can be used in smart phones, cameras, tablets and GPS control system.

• Both rigid and flexible boards can be incorporated together to construct a unified product that comes with both strength and flexibility.

• Some flex PCBs follow the same design as rigid circuit design but they are not completely identical to the rigid circuit boards.

• Flexible PCBs provide flexible and bending solutions and they also require less space and are mostly Single-Sided PCB.

When to Use Rigid and When to Use Flexible

• Rigid PCBs typically cost less than flex circuits. I say "typically" because when considering the total cost of ownership there are some applications that, when using flexible PCBs, may be less expensive compared to using rigid PCBs. To get a true and accurate understanding of the total cost of ownership, you first need to appreciate the fact that flex circuits may eliminate the need for components such as connectors, wire harnesses, and other circuit boards. By removing these components from a design, material cost, labor and assembly cost, and scrap cost are all reduced.

• Many electronic devices (laptop and desktop computers, audio keyboards, solid-state drives (SSDs), flat-screen TVs and monitors, children`s toys, and various electronic gadgets) employ rigid PCBs instead of flexible PCBs. However, flex circuits may be found in ultra-compact and/or high-performance devices, including GPS units, tablets, smart phones, cameras, and wearables.

• Greater sophistication is not the only reason to use flex circuits; low-tech applications,such as LED lights, may utilize flex circuit technology, in some cases because it makes installation much easier.

Rigid PCB Applications

• A computer motherboard is a perfect example of rigid PCB which is a Multilayer Rigid PCB, used to distribute electricity from power supply, and creates a conducting path between CPU, GPU and RAM.

• Rigid PCBs are manufactured in volumes and once they are designed, they can not be altered or modified and remain same throughout the entire life span of the project on which they are placed.

• Some low cost products make use rigid PCBs like toys, ,electronics gadgets, desktop devices and solid state devices.

• You should also have a look at Double-Sided PCB, these are also Rigid PCBs.

Rigid Printed Circuit Board Manufacturer: Guaranteed Quick Delivery

Different Types of Rigid PCB Provided by JHY PCB

• Single Sided PCB: These rigid printed circuit boards feature metal trace on single side of the dielectric. Single-sided rigid PCBs are ideal for rapid productions due to their manufacturability, as well as simple design.

• Double Sided PCB: As the name suggests, these printed circuit boards have a layer of dielectric sandwiched between two metal layers. The double-sided rigid printed circuit boards have become an industry staple. Their applications vary from low to high temperature ranges, fine line surface mounting, solder coatings, and high copper builds.

• Multilayer PCB: Multi-layer rigid PCBs feature more than two conductive metal layers, which are clearly separated by equal dielectric layers. These circuit boards allow our PCB designers to create a vast range of interconnects, as well as applications.

Learn more about JHYPCB by exploring the manufacturing capability of Rigid Printed Circuit Board below. We can do more than you can imagine.

Additional information

• Rigid Flex PCB Fabrication service
• Flex-Rigid PCB Technology
• Rigid Flex PCB Manufacturing Capability
• Flexible and Flex-Rigid PCB Applications
• Rigid PCB vs. Flexible PCB: How to choose?

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JingHongYi PCB (HK) Co., Limited , https://www.pcbjhy.com