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In terms of water quality monitoring, most people's first impressions are water quality sampling, laboratory analysis, and testing to understand how the water quality is and whether it is contaminated. In fact, water quality monitoring in water conservancy systems does more than that.
Water quality monitoring has made outstanding contributions to our surrounding environment. For example, Taihu Lake has been safe for ten years in a row. Regarding the development of water quality monitoring work, year after year, day and night, non-stop, only in exchange for the blue waves of Taihu Lake. Every year on April 1st, the water quality inspection and monitoring work of Taihu Lake starts, and it lasts till the end of the year. The hydrological department inspected the lake surface of 110,000 square kilometers for half a year and obtained more than 100,000 monitoring data. It provides a large number of real-time inspection results for water quality management, cyanobacteria salvage, and lake pan-prevention and control in Taihu Lake, and provides a scientific decision basis for the safety of Taihu Lake in summer.
Water quality monitoring can monitor not only the water quality of surface water and groundwater, but also aquatic ecology.
Rivers, lakes, water levels, flow rates, water volumes, and sediments are all valuable information for water quality monitoring. Even water transfer can be used for water quality detection, the scope is far beyond your imagination.
Speaking of which, do you think you really understand water quality monitoring?
How long is the history of water quality monitoring in environmental monitoring?
Since 1955, water quality monitoring has mainly consisted of natural water chemistry tests and sediment particle analysis, which are the components of hydrological tests. From 1969 to 1973, water pollution surveys and assessments were conducted on major water systems. Since then, the water conservancy department has carried out comprehensive water quality monitoring work and provided support for the protection and management of water resources nationwide.
How does water quality monitoring ensure high-quality development?
At present, there are 16,123 surface water quality monitoring stations, 9,767 groundwater quality monitoring stations, and 789 aquatic ecological monitoring stations in the national water conservancy system.
The 341 monitoring agencies from ministerial to prefecture-level cities have formed strict water quality monitoring systems.
The river is monitored throughout the year, with a total length of 235,000 kilometers.
——Increase in infrastructure level
The water quality monitoring methods of monitoring centers at all levels have realized the transformation from chemical titration analysis to instrument analysis, from small single-item analysis to large-scale precision instrument analysis. The analysis project has changed from inorganic analysis to trace toxic organic analysis.
——Continuously strengthening the basic conditions
The inspection area of ​​water quality monitoring centers at all levels is nearly 200,000 square meters, and monitoring agencies at all levels are equipped with more than 9,000 sets of monitoring equipment.
——Continuously improve the level of equipment
A large number of high-performance detection and analysis instruments have basically achieved comprehensive index monitoring of 109 indicators of drinking water source monitoring and 93 indicators of groundwater quality standards, and conducted monitoring research on new pollutants.
Portable water quality monitoring equipment and mobile automatic monitoring equipment are playing an increasingly important role in emergency monitoring.
——Continuously strengthen supervision and quality management
The national water conservancy system has established a quality management system covering all aspects and aspects of water quality monitoring. Continuously organize and implement national quality control assessments, and quality control management covers all levels of laboratories throughout the system.
——Continuously increasing monitoring staff
There are more than 2,600 professional inspectors at monitoring centers and laboratories at all levels. More than 5,000 workers nationwide collect water samples.
Can the water quality monitoring results provide decision-making basis for governments at all levels?
Water quality monitoring data has become an important basis for river system monitoring and evaluation. The local hydrological department and the water environment monitoring center participated in the preparation of the "One River, One Policy" protection plan and the supervision of the river system. As of the end of 2017, the monitoring information of 5,400 water quality stations has become the basis for river system monitoring and evaluation, of which 2527 water quality monitoring stations have been newly built to serve the river system.
Aquatic monitoring is a "monitor" for maintaining healthy life in important rivers and lakes. Aquatic monitoring includes ecological factors such as water quality of rivers and lakes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic organisms, density and their biomass. As early as 10 years ago, the Ministry of Water Resources began organizing water ecological monitoring work, focusing on monitoring algae in important water areas prone to blooms. At present, algae monitoring carried out by 28 units in the Yangtze River, Pearl River Basin Monitoring Centers of the water conservancy system, and the Water Environment Monitoring Centers of Yunnan Province and Jiangsu Province in 40 ecologically sensitive waters such as Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake, and Chaohu Lake has become normal.
The water quality monitoring results provided a basis for the assessment of the "three red lines" for the acceptance of the polluted red lines. Water environmental monitoring centers at all levels in the water conservancy system are playing an increasingly important role in implementing the most stringent water resources management system and evaluating water pollution prevention and control in river basins.
You can save valuable time when dealing with emergencies in water pollution emergency monitoring. Water pollution incidents in rivers, lakes and reservoirs are abrupt changes in sensory indicators of water bodies, as well as the death of fish and other organisms, which are often detected and reported for the first time by the hydrological department, thereby providing reliable decision-making information support for water pollution.